National Electrical Code

Photovoltaic Systems ― Part 5

Feb. 4, 2020

Always keep in mind that “grounding” means connecting to, literally, the ground.

The requirements for photovoltaic (PV) system grounding and bonding are in Part V of Art. 690. These underwent only moderate revision with the 2020 National Electrical Code (NEC) cycle. Always keep in mind that “grounding” means connecting to, literally, the ground (earth as stated in the Art. 100 definition).

Grounding provides a path to earth to dissipate lightning and other high-voltage transients. Bonding does the following (grounding does not):

Provides a low-impedance path back to the source.
Creates an equipotential plane.
Eliminates differences of potential.
Protects against shock hazards.
Removes undesired circulating currents.

Grounding on the load side of a power source is pointless. You ground the system, not the equipment. Even if the NEC calls for an equipment grounding conductor or installation instructions say “ground” a panel, you bond (not ground).

You bond using a low-impedance metallic pathway. For the equipment grounding (bonding) conductor, you'll find a list of acceptable methods in Sec. 250.118. Various types of raceway, including conduit and tubing, are acceptable.

As you apply the Part V requirements, keep these concepts in mind.

About the Author

Mark Lamendola

Mark is an expert in maintenance management, having racked up an impressive track record during his time working in the field. He also has extensive knowledge of, and practical expertise with, the National Electrical Code (NEC). Through his consulting business, he provides articles and training materials on electrical topics, specializing in making difficult subjects easy to understand and focusing on the practical aspects of electrical work.

Prior to starting his own business, Mark served as the Technical Editor on EC&M for six years, worked three years in nuclear maintenance, six years as a contract project engineer/project manager, three years as a systems engineer, and three years in plant maintenance management.

Mark earned an AAS degree from Rock Valley College, a BSEET from Columbia Pacific University, and an MBA from Lake Erie College. He’s also completed several related certifications over the years and even was formerly licensed as a Master Electrician. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE and past Chairman of the Kansas City Chapters of both the IEEE and the IEEE Computer Society. Mark also served as the program director for, a board member of, and webmaster of, the Midwest Chapter of the 7x24 Exchange. He has also held memberships with the following organizations: NETA, NFPA, International Association of Webmasters, and Institute of Certified Professional Managers.