When pulling cables through raceway in an operating facility, you run the risk of electric shock. If you have de-energized all circuits that you might come into contact with during the pull, can you still experience an electrical shock?
The answer is “yes.” The culprit isn’t an energized circuit — it’s an energized metallic object (or many such objects).
The danger exists because the metallic objects are not bonded together and there’s not a low-impedance path back to the source. To be low-impedance, the path must be metallic and have electrically sound, mechanically sound connections.
A ground rod on the load side is not a low-impedance path. A metal conductor that runs back to the service is. So is a set of metal conductors, such as properly connected EMT or properly connected IMC. Metallic tubing, metallic conduit, and metallic cable tray are all proper components of the equipment grounding conductor (EGC) [250.118], but you don’t have an ECG unless these components are connected to maintain electrical continuity.